People
- Faculty
- Sharad Mehrotra
- Department of Information and Computer Science
- 424 Computer Science,
- University of California at Irvine,
- Irvine, CA 92697-3425
- Students
- Michael Ortega
- Kaushik Chakrabarti
- Kriengkrai Porkaew
- Previous Members
- Thomas S. Huang (Faculty, U of Illinois at Urbana)
- Yong Rui
- Yueting Zhuang
Motivation
Many emerging applications such as multimedia digital libraries, medical
image databases require accessing multimedia information based on their
content. Traditional text based information retrieval techniques do not
suffice due to the complexity of capturing visual content using textual
description and the high degree of human effort in developing the suitable
descriptions. An alternative approach is to describe images/videos based
on visual properties (such as color, texture, and shape) and support retrieval
based on these features. Such an approach to visual information retrieval
requires interdisciplinary research in the areas of image processing and
computer vision (to extract salient features from the visual media that
capture its content), information retrieval (to define a notion of similarity
between multimedia objects), and database management (to support efficient
storage of multimedia objects and retrieval based on the degree of match).
Our research addresses the information retrieval and database management
challenges in content-based multimedia retrieval.
Overview
The goals of the MARS project is to design and develop an integrated multimedia
information retrieval and database management infrastructure, entitled
Multimedia
Analysis and Retrieval System (MARS), that supports multimedia
information as first-class objects suited for storage and retrieval based
on their content. Specifically, research in the MARS project is categorized
into the following four sub-areas each of which contribute to the development
of the integrated infrastructure.
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Multimedia Content Representation: extraction of multimedia
content including low-level visual features from images, shots and scenes
from videos, textual annotations (user-provided or automatically extracted
from videos). Content-based representation of multimedia objects in databases.
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Multimedia Information Retrieval: development of content-based
multimedia retrieval techniques including multimedia retrieval models and
interactive query refinement techniques to map user's high-level semantic
queries to low-level feature based representations.
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Multimedia Feature Indexing: to efficiently support retrieval
based on feature similarity. Techniques will be developed for overcoming
the high dimensionality and non-Euclidean nature of feature data.
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Multimedia Database Management: techniques to effectively
and efficiently incorporate content-based retrieval of multimedia information
into structured database processing. Exploration of extensions to existing
data models to support ranked retrieval and interactive query refinement
and approaches to integrate multimedia feature indexing techniques as access
methods in database management systems. Study impact of ranked retrieval
on query processing techniques.
Our work has focused on exploring techniques for multimedia object and
query representation, multimedia information retrieval, and developing
mechanisms for efficient indexing of highly multidimensional feature spaces.
Our progress can be categorized into the following:
-
Video Representation: Motivated with the role of a table
of content (ToC) used in accessing a book, we developed algorithms to structure
a video into a set of scenes which represents a video ToC. This ToC can
be used to support effective user access (browsing and retrieval) of video.
We then explored a clustering based approach to extract key frames from
scenes identified in the video ToC. Some references
(below) are: 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 13.
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Indexing Highly Multidimensional Spaces: We developed a hybrid
tree data structure to support high-dimension feature indexing in multimedia
databases. The hybrid tree combines the positive aspects of bounding region
(BR)-based data structures (e.g., R-tree, SS-tree) and space partitioning
(SP) based approaches (e.g., KDB-tree, hB-tree) into a single search structure
to achieve superior performance and scalability to high dimensionalities
than either of the two approaches. Some references
include (below): 1, and 18.
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Multimedia Information Retrieval: We made significant progress
on multimedia information retrieval specially on adapting relevance feedback
as an approach to learning user's information need in image databases.
With relevance feedback, the user is relieved of the burden to state their
exact information need based on the feature sets supported in the system.
Instead, the system learns both the query representation, and the distance/similarity
measures that a user has in mind for the feature spaces using positive/negative
feedback over examples from the user. Some references
(below) are: 2,5, 6, 1.
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Supporting Multidimensional Data Structures as Access Methods:
We have developed the first granular locking approach to concurrency control
in multidimensional data structures. Our solution provides a scalable solution
to integrating multidimensional data structures into DBMSs as an access
method. Some references (below) are: 3, and
23.
Some of the demos based on MARS research
For online access to these publications click here.
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K. Porkaew, K. Chakrabarti, and S. Mehrotra,
"Query Refinement for Content-based Multimedia Retrieval in MARS",
(submitted for publication), 1999
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K. Porkaew, S. Mehrotra, M. Ortega,
"Query Reformulation for Content-based Multimedia Retrieval in MARS",
In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems, (ICMCS), Florence, Italy, June 7-11, 1999 (poster paper).
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K. Porkaew, S. Mehrotra, M. Ortega, and K. Chakrabarti,
Similarity Search Using Multiple Examples in MARS, In Proceedings of
the International Conference on Visual Information Systems, Amsterdam, Netherlands, June 2-4, 1999
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Kaushik Chakrabarti, and Sharad Mehrotra, "Efficient Concurrency Control in Multidimensional Access Methods", To Appear in Proceedings of ACM SIGMOD Conference on Management of Data", 1999.
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Kaushik Chakrabarti, and Sharad Mehrotra, "The Hybrid Tree: An Index Structure for High Dimensional Feature Spaces", To Appear in Proceedings of the International
Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE), Sydney, Australia, March 23-26,
1999.
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Michael Ortega, Yong Rui, Kaushik Chakrabarti, Kriengkrai Porkaew, Sharad
Mehrotra, and Thomas S. Huang, Supporting Ranked Boolean Similarity
Queries in MARS, Appeared in IEEE
Tran on Knowledge and Data Engineering , Vol. 10, No. 6, December 1998.
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Kaushik Chakrabarti, and Sharad Mehrotra, "Dynamic Granular Locking
Approach to Phantom Protection in R-trees", Appeared in Proceedings
of the International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE), Orlando, Florida,
February 23-27, 1998.
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Michael Ortega, Kaushik Chakrabarti, Kriengkrai Porkaew, and Sharad Mehrotra,
Cross media validation in a multimedia retreival system , ACM Digital
Libraries 98, Workshop on Digital Library Metrics, Pittsburgh, PA, June
23-26, 1998
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Yong Rui, Thomas S. Huang, Michael Ortega, and Sharad Mehrotra, Relevance
Feedback: A Power Tool in Interactive Content-Based Image Retrieval,
IEEE Tran on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Special Issue on
Segmentation, Description, and Retrieval of Video Content, Vol 8, No. 5,
pages 644-655, Sept, 1998
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Yong Rui, Thomas S. Huang, Michael Ortega, and Sharad Mehrotra, Information
Retrieval Beyond the Text Document, Appeared in Proceedings of Library
Trend, 1998
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Yong Rui, Thomas S. Huang, and Sharad Mehrotra, Browsing and Retrieving
Video Content in a Unified Framework , Appeared in Proceedings of IEEE
MMSP98 workshop, LA, CA
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Yueting Zhuang, Yong Rui, Thomas S. Huang, and Sharad Mehrotra, Applying
Semantic Association to Support Content-Based Video Retrieval, Appeared
in Proceedings of IEEE VLBV98 workshop, Urbana, IL
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Yueting Zhuang, Yong Rui, Thomas S. Huang, and Sharad Mehrotra, Adaptive
Key Frame Extraction Using Unsupervised Clustering , Appeared in Proceedings
of IEEE Int Conf on Image Processing , Oct, 1998, Chicago, IL
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Yong Rui, Thomas S. Huang and Sharad Mehrotra, Exploring Video Structure
Beyond The Shots , Appeared in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference
on Multimedia Computing and Systems (ICMCS), June 28-July 1, 1998, Austin,
Texas USA
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Yong Rui, Thomas S. Huang, and Sharad Mehrotra, Relevance Feedback Techniques
in Interactive Content-Based Image Retrieval , Appeared in Proceedings
of IS&T and SPIE Storage and Retrieval of Image and Video Databases
VI, January 24-30, 1998, San Jose, CA.
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Yong Rui, Thomas S. Huang, and Sharad Mehrotra,
Constructing Table-of-Content
for Videos , ACM Multimedia Systems Journal, Special Issue Multimedia
Systems on Video Libraries,
1998
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Yong Rui, Thomas S. Huang, and Sharad Mehrotra, Suggestions to the Draft
of MPEG-7 Requirements, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 M3107, MPEG98
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Kaushik Chakrabarti, Sharad Mehrotra, Michael Ortega, Kriengkrai Porkaew
and Robert Winkler, "Processing Uncertainty Queries in Database Management
Systems", Appeared in Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium on the Federated
Lab on Interactive and Advanced Display, Army Research Labs, College Park,
MD, February 2-6, 1998.
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Michael Ortega, Yong Rui, Kaushik Chakrabarti, Sharad Mehrotra, and Thomas
S. Huang,
"Supporting Similarity Queries in MARS", Appeared in Proceedings
of the 5th ACM Int. Multimedia Conference, Seattle, Washington, November
8-14, 1997.
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Sharad Mehrotra, Yong Rui, Kaushik Chakrabarti, Michael Ortega, and Thomas
S. Huang, "Multimedia Analysis and Retrieval System", Appeared in
Proceedings of the 3rd Int. Workshop on Multimedia Information Systems,
Como, Italy, September 25-27, 1997.
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Sharad Mehrotra, Yong Rui, Michael Ortega, and Thomas S. Huang,
"Supporting
Content-based Queries over Images in MARS", Appeared in Proceedings
of the 4th IEEE Int. Conf. Multimedia Computing and Systems, Chateau Laurier,
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, June 3-6, 1997.
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Kaushik Chakrabarti, Yong Rui and Sharad Mehrotra,
"Dynamic Clustering
for Multimedia Information Retrieval ",
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Yong Rui, Thomas S. Huang, Sharad Mehrotra, and Michael Ortega, "Automatic
Matching Tool Selection via Relevance Feedback in MARS", Appeared in
Proceedings of the 2nd Int. Conf. on Visual Information Systems,
San Diego, California, December 15-17, 1997.
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Yong Rui, Thomas S. Huang, Sharad Mehrotra, and Michael Ortega, "A Relevance
Feedback Architecture in Content-based Multimedia Information Retrieval
Systems",
Appeared in Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Content-based Access of
Image and Video Libraries, Puerto Rico, June 20, 1997.
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Yong Rui, Thomas S. Huang, and Sharad Mehrotra, "Content-based Image
Retrieval with Relevance Feedback in MARS", Appeared in Proceedings
of IEEE Int. Conf. on Image Processing (ICIP'97),
Santa Barbara, California, October 26-29, 1997.
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Yong Rui, Thomas S. Huang, and Sharad Mehrotra "MARS and Its Applications
to MPEG-7", Submitted as MPEG-7 proposal, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 MPEG97/2900.
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Kaushik Chakrabarti, and Sharad Mehrotra,
"Concurrency Control in R-trees",
Appeared in Proceedings of the 1st Symposium on the Federated Lab on Interactive
and Advanced Dis play,
Army Research Labs, Aberdeen, MD, January 28-30, 1997.
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Thomas S. Huang, Sharad Mehratra, and Kannan Ramchandran, "Multimedia
Analysis and Retrieval System (MARS) project", Appeared in Proceedings
of the 33rd Annual Clinic on Library Application of Data Processing - Digital
Image Access and Retrieval , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
March, 1996.
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Yong Rui, Alfred C. She, and Thomas S. Huang, "Modified Fourier Descriptors
for Shape Representation -- A Practical Approach", Appeared in Proceedings
of the 1st Int. Workshop on Image Databases and Multi Media Search, Amsterdam,
Netherlands, 22-23 August, 1996.
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Yong Rui, Alfred C. She, and Thomas S. Huang, "Automated Shape Segmentation
Using Attraction-based Grouping in Spatial-Color-Texture Space", Appeared
in Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing
(ICIP'96), Lausanne, Switzerland, September 16-19, 1996.
Examples of other related projects funded by the IDM program include the
work by:
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Prof. R. Jain (UC, San Diego),
-
Prof. S.F Chang (Columbia),
-
Prof. Sistla, C. Yu., Ben Arie, and O. Wolfson (UIC),
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Prof. Hellerstien (UC, Berkeley),
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Prof. Ramakrishnan (Wisconsin),
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Prof. Ozsoyoglu (Case Western),
-
Prof. Manjunath (UCSB),
-
Prof. Wesley Chu (UCLA),
and
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Prof. Zhang (SUNY,
Buffalo).
This work was supported by NSF CAREER award IIS-9734300, and in part by
the NSF CISE Research Infrastructure Grant CDA-9624396, and in part by
the Army Research Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement No. DAAL01-96-2-0003.
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